Peer reviewed journal articles

• Balkman GS, Hafner BJ, Rosen RE, Morgan SJ. Mobility experiences of adult lower limb orthosis users: A focus group study. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(25):7904–7915. Link to publication 
• Balkman GS, Morgan SJ, Amtmann D, Baylor C, Hafner BJ. Development of a candidate item bank for measuring mobility of lower limb orthosis. PM&R. 2023;15(4):445-55. Link to publication 
• Balkman GS, Bamer AM, Stevens PS, Weber EL, Morgan SJ, Salem R, Amtmann D, Hafner BJ. Development and initial validation of the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes—Mobility (OPRO-M): an item bank for evaluating mobility of people who use lower-limb orthoses. PLoS One. 2023;18(11):e0293848. Link to publication

Scientific meeting presentations

• Balkman G, Morgan S, Weber E, Rosen R and Hafner B. Development of a population-specific item bank to measure orthotic mobility. 2020 American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists (AAOP) 46th Annual Meeting and Scientific Symposium. Chicago, IL, Mar. 4-7, 2020. Podium presentation.
• Balkman G, Morgan S, Weber E, Rosen R , Hafner B. Development of an item bank to measure mobility of lower limb orthosis users. American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 2020 National Assembly. Sep. 9-12, 2020. Podium presentation.
• Balkman GS. Development, evaluation, and clinical application of a mobility item bank for lower limb orthosis users. State of Science Symposium. Sponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, & the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. October 8, 2021. Link to recording
• Balkman GS, Stevens PS, Weber E, Bamer AB, Salem R, Morgan SJ, Hafner BJ. Large-scale administration and calibration of the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes – Mobility (OPRO-M) item bank (podium presentation). American Orthotics & Prosthetics Association (AOPA) 2022 National Assembly. San Antonio, TX. September 28-October 1, 2022. Podium presentation.
• Balkman G, Bamer A, Stevens P, Weber E, Salem R, Morgan S, Hafner B. Initial construct validity of the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes – Mobility (OPRO-M) item bank for assessing mobility of lower limb orthosis users. American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists (AAOP) 49th Annual Meeting and Scientific Symposium, Nashville TN, March 1-4, 2023. Podium presentation.
• Balkman G, Stevens P, Weber E, Bamer A, Salem R, Morgan S, Hafner B. Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes – Mobility (OPRO-M): An item response theory-based outcome measure for assessing mobility in lower limb orthosis users. International Society for Prosthetics & Orthotics (ISPO) 19th World Congress. Guadalajara, Mexico, April 23-27, 2023. Podium presentation.
• Vargas X, Hafner B, Balkman G. Spanish translation of the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes – Mobility (OPRO-M) item bank. International Society for Prosthetics & Orthotics (ISPO) 19th World Congress. Guadalajara, Mexico, April 23-27, 2023. Podium presentation.
• Weber EL. Assessing mobility in LLL users. Hanger Live. March 6-9, 2024. Nashville, TN. Symposium presentation.
• Balkman G, Bamer A, Stevens P, Weber E, Salem R, Morgan S, Hafner B. Reliability and validity of the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes – Mobility (OPRO-M) short forms in lower limb orthosis users. American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists (AAOP) 49th Annual Meeting and Scientific Symposium. Chicago, IL. March 6-9, 2024. Podium presentation.
• Hafner BJ, Bamer AB, Balkman GS, Salem R, Morgan SJ, Weber EL, Stevens PS. Evaluating the Orthotic Patient-Reported Outcomes–Mobility  (OPRO-M) computerized adaptive test and short forms. Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists (AAOP) 50th Annual Meeting and Scientific Symposium. March 6-9, 2024, Chicago, IL. Poster presentation.

Magazine articles

• Drawn to data (Principal investigator spotlight). O&P Almanac. American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association, August 2022: 40-43. Link to issue